Adrenal tumors
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Author:
Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Contents
Adenoma versus carcinoma
The most common adrenal tumors are adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. These are most commonly distinguished by the Weiss system,[2] as follows:[3]
Characteristic[3] | Score |
---|---|
High nuclear grade (enlarged, oval to lobated, with coarsely granular to hyperchromatic chromatin and easily discernible, prominent nucleoli)[4] | 1 |
More mitoses than 5/50 high power fields | 1 |
Atypical mitoses | 1 |
Eosinophilic cytoplasm in >75% of tumor cells | 1 |
Diffuse architecture of >33% of tumor | 1 |
Necrosis | 1 |
Venous invasion | 1 |
Sinusoidal invasion (no smooth muscle in wall) | 1 |
Capsular invasion | 1 |
Total score indicates:[3]
- 0-2: Adrenocortical adenoma
- 3: Undetermined
- 4-9: Adrenocortical carcinoma
Zona fasciculata versus adrenocortical adenoma. An adrenocortical adenoma typically has mild changes in comparison, including larger cells with larger and more pleomorphic nuclei with more coarse chromatin. H&E stain. [image 1]
Adrenocortical adenoma with focal high grade nuclear atypia.[5]
Adrenocortical adenoma with focal necrosis[5]
Other adrenal tumors
Pheochromocytoma, with typical features shown.
Reporting
For cancers, generally include a synoptic report, such as per College of American Pathologists (CAP) protocols at cap.org/protocols-and-guidelines.
Notes
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.
Main page
References
- ↑ Data and references for pie chart are located at file description page in Wikimedia Commons.
- ↑ Wang, Cuiping; Sun, Yang; Wu, Huanwen; Zhao, Dachun; Chen, Jie (2014). "Distinguishing adrenal cortical carcinomas and adenomas: a study of clinicopathological features and biomarkers ". Histopathology 64 (4): 567–576. doi: . ISSN 03090167.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Aye, Than Than; Myint, Phone; Myint, Kyar Nyo Soe (2015). "Adrenocortical Oncocytoma Presenting with Gynaecomastia ". Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 30 (1): 27–30. doi: . ISSN 08571074.
- ↑ Tito Fojo. Adrenocortical Cancer. Retrieved on 2020-07-02.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gupta S, Melendez J, Khanna A (2010). "Deoxycorticosterone producing tumor as a cause of resistant hypertension.
". Case Rep Med 2010: 372719. doi: . PMID 20671982. PMC: 2909735. Archived from the original. .
- "This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."
Image sources
- ↑ Image(s) by: Mikael Häggström, M.D. Public Domain
- Author info
- Reusing images