Colon

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Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Endoscopic biopsies   edit
Mostly:

This article also includes the rectum.

Presentations

Gross processing

More specific grossing is available for presentations above. For larger specimens (not biopsies):

  • Identify segment of colon
  • Measure length and variations in width
  • Optionally, measure the mesentery.
  • Inspect the serosa- look for any perforations, adhesions, fistulas and exudate
  • If perforation is present, try to probe it from the serosal surface
  • Open longitudinally
  • If the specimen is not fixed already, put it in formalin, preferably for a total of 48 hours.[1]
  • Semi-quantitate the number of diverticula – “numerous” if too many to count
  • Look for for any mucosal lesions. Note any evidence of inflammation, hemorrhage, abscess, perforation or fistula
  • Note the thickness of the wall.
  • If a cecal segment does not show an appendix, look in the history for a past appendectomy. If not, put more effort into finding it before reporting it as not found.
  • Note any obvious mesenterial lymph nodes.
  • Sections to submit for microscopy:
  • 2 sections of any perforation(s), one section of any intact diverticulum, any mucosal lesions, any obvious lymph nodes.

Microscopic evaluation

Screening

In a general screening, look for:

  • Colitis, such as by neutrophilic infiltration

Common incidental findings

Microscopy report

Example report in an unremarkable biopsy:

(Colon, biopsy:)
Colonic mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.

Notes

  1. It is acceptable to not mention a subepithelial lymphoid aggregate at all.
  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. Burroughs, S H (2000). "Examination of large intestine resection specimens ". Journal of Clinical Pathology 53 (5): 344–349. doi:10.1136/jcp.53.5.344. ISSN 00219746. 

Image sources