Hyperthyroidism

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Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Most common causes of hyperthyroidism by age.[1]

Fixation

Generally 10% neutral buffered formalin. Fix all thyroids at least overnight to avoid artifactual nuclear atypia.[2]

  See also: General notes on fixation


Gross processing

As per standard for thyroid.

Microscopic evaluation

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Grave's disease (50-80% worldwide). Its typical features are:[3]

  • Hyperplastic thyroid follicles with papillary infoldings.
  • Diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of follicular cells with retention of lobular architecture.
  • Prominent vascular congestion.
  • Tall follicular cells with papillae that usually lack fibrovascular cores.
  • Nuclei are round, often basally located, and rarely overlap.
  • Typically decreased colloid amount, and when present it typically has peripheral scalloping.
  • Variable patchy lymphoid stromal infiltrate.

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. Carlé, Allan; Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Knudsen, Nils; Perrild, Hans; Ovesen, Lars; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Laurberg, Peter (2011). "Epidemiology of subtypes of hyperthyroidism in Denmark: a population-based study ". European Journal of Endocrinology 164 (5): 801–809. doi:10.1530/EJE-10-1155. ISSN 0804-4643. PMID 21357288. 
  2. . Gross Pathology Manual By The University of Chicago Department of Pathology. Updated 2-14-19 NAC.
  3. F. Zahra Aly, M.D., Ph.D., Swati Satturwar, M.B.B.S.. Thyroid gland - Hyperplasia / goiter - Graves disease. PathologyOutlines. Topic Completed: 1 November 2017, Minor changes: 14 March 2019
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Swati Satturwar, M.B.B.S., F. Zahra Aly, M.D., Ph.D.. Thyroid gland - Hyperplasia / goiter - Multinodular goiter. PathologyOutlines. Topic Completed: 1 February 2018. Minor changes: 14 December 2019

Image sources