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Parathyroid glands

777 bytes added, 13:19, 12 September 2022
*'''Weight''' of the parathyroid gland or fragment thereof. Generally, there should ''not'' be any subjective description of "enlarged" or similar.<ref group=note name=weight>The average weight of each parathyroid gland is about 30&nbsp;mg in men and 35&nbsp;mg in women,<sup>A</sup> but with a great variability: 90% of normal parathyroid glands weight less than 100g, and 96% less than 160g.<sup>B</sup> Thus, by weight alone, a pathologists generally can't tell whether a parathyroid is enlarged, or whether it is of its normal weight, such as being one of the 4% that are normally over 160g.<br>- A. {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=S J|title=Best Practice No 183: Examination of parathyroid gland specimens|journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology|date=1 April 2005|volume=58|issue=4|pages=338–342|doi=10.1136/jcp.2002.002550|pmid=15790694|pmc=1770637}}<br>- B. {{cite journal|last1=Yao|first1=Kathy|last2=Singer|first2=Frederick R.|last3=Roth|first3=Sanford I.|last4=Sassoon|first4=Aaron|last5=Ye|first5=Cynthia|last6=Giuliano|first6=Armando E.|title=Weight of Normal Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Parathyroid Adenomas|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=89|issue=7|year=2004|pages=3208–3213|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2003-031184}}
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*'''Presence of parathyroid tissue''' upon frozen section. In particular, exclude sampling from the [[thyroid]]. It is not necessary to specify any particular parathyroid pathology on intraoperative consultation (which in case of hyperparathyroidism relies on imaging and intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels rather than the histopathology)<ref name="pmid30090736">{{cite journal| author=Naik AH, Wani MA, Wani KA, Laway BA, Malik AA, Shah ZA| title=Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Guiding Adequate Parathyroidectomy. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2018 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 410-416 | pmid=30090736 | doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_678_17 | pmc=6063190 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30090736 }}</ref>.
===Autopsy===

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