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User:Csbrprasad

Csbrprasad — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 03:36:08 GMT

User account Csbrprasad was created

Fibroepithelial tumor

Mikael Häggström — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 03:14:13 GMT

Further workup: +Border

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 6 August 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	! Stromal atypia		! Stromal atypia
	\| Mild		\| [[File:Phyllodes tumor with mild stromal atypia.jpg\|150px]]
			Mild
	\| Moderate		\| Moderate
	\| Marked		\| Marked
	\|-		\|-
	! Stromal cellularity		! Stromal cellularity
	\| Mildly increased, can be focal		\| [[File:Histopathology of benign phyllodes tumor with mildly increased stromal cellularity.jpg\|150px]]
			Mildly increased, can be focal
	\| Moderately increased, can be focal		\| Moderately increased, can be focal
	\| Markedly and diffusely increased		\| Markedly and diffusely increased
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	\|-		\|-
	! Tumor border		! Tumor border
	\| Well defined		\| [[File:Histopathology of benign phyllodes tumor with well-defined border.jpg\|150px]] Well defined
	\| Well defined or focally permeative		\| Well defined or focally permeative
	\| Diffusely permeative		\| Diffusely permeative

Appendicitis

Mikael Häggström — Thu, 06 Aug 2026 03:59:57 GMT

Microscopy report: space

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	{\|class=wikitable		{\|class=wikitable
	\| {{Moderate-begin}}Appendix, resection (or appendectomy):{{Moderate-end}}<br>Acute {{Moderate-begin}}suppurative{{Moderate-end}} appendicitis {{Moderate-begin}}and periappendicitis{{Moderate-end}} with transmural necrosis and perforation.		\| {{Moderate-begin}}Appendix, resection (or appendectomy):{{Moderate-end}}<br>Acute {{Moderate-begin}}suppurative{{Moderate-end}} appendicitis {{Moderate-begin}}and periappendicitis{{Moderate-end}} with transmural necrosis and perforation.
			\|}

			{\|class=wikitable
			\| Example AI prompt:<br>neuts across wall to meso and serosa, no perf. make report (copy-paste gross description)
	\|}		\|}
	<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>		<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>

Gallbladder polyp

Mikael Häggström — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 21:40:40 GMT

+Cholesterol

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:40, 3 August 2026
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	File:Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.jpg\|Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.<ref name="PickeringPucher2020">{{cite journal\|last1=Pickering\|first1=Oliver\|last2=Pucher\|first2=Philip H.\|last3=Toale\|first3=Conor\|last4=Hand\|first4=Fiona\|last5=Anand\|first5=Easan\|last6=Cassidy\|first6=Sheena\|last7=McEntee\|first7=Gerry\|last8=Toh\|first8=Simon K.C.\|title=Prevalence and Sonographic Detection of Gallbladder Polyps in a Western European Population\|journal=Journal of Surgical Research\|volume=250\|year=2020\|pages=226–231\|issn=00224804\|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.003}}</ref>		File:Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.jpg\|Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.<ref name="PickeringPucher2020">{{cite journal\|last1=Pickering\|first1=Oliver\|last2=Pucher\|first2=Philip H.\|last3=Toale\|first3=Conor\|last4=Hand\|first4=Fiona\|last5=Anand\|first5=Easan\|last6=Cassidy\|first6=Sheena\|last7=McEntee\|first7=Gerry\|last8=Toh\|first8=Simon K.C.\|title=Prevalence and Sonographic Detection of Gallbladder Polyps in a Western European Population\|journal=Journal of Surgical Research\|volume=250\|year=2020\|pages=226–231\|issn=00224804\|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.003}}</ref>
	File:Histopathology of a hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder.jpg\|'''Hyperplastic polyp''': There is no dysplasia.		File:Histopathology of a hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder.jpg\|'''Hyperplastic polyp''': There is no dysplasia.
			File:Cholesterol Polyp of Gallbladder (5372946506).jpg\|Cholesterol polyp, low magnification
			File:Cholesterol polyp with reactive changes.jpg\|Cholesterol polyp, high magnification, showing papillary fronds with foamy macrophages. In this case, there is mild chronic cholecystitis, and subsequently the epithelial nuclei show reactive changes with mild enlargement and irregularity, but not to the degree of being dysplasia.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>		<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>

Fallopian tubes

Mikael Häggström — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 15:55:53 GMT

Neoplasias: bold

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	*Check for patency of the lumen.		*Check for patency of the lumen.

	===~~Tumor~~===		===Neoplasias===
	~~The~~ most common tumor of the fallopian tubes ~~is '''adenomatoid tumor'''~~:<ref name=adenomatoid>{{cite web\|url=http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/fallopiantubesadenomatoid.html\|title=Fallopian tubes & broad ligament - Fallopian tube tumors - Adenomatoid tumor\|author=Nicole Riddle, Jamie Shutter\|website=Pathology Outlines}} Topic Completed: 1 September 2013. Minor changes: 13 December 2019</ref>		Look for:
			*'''Adenomatoid tumor''', the most common tumor of the fallopian tubes:<ref name=adenomatoid>{{cite web\|url=http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/fallopiantubesadenomatoid.html\|title=Fallopian tubes & broad ligament - Fallopian tube tumors - Adenomatoid tumor\|author=Nicole Riddle, Jamie Shutter\|website=Pathology Outlines}} Topic Completed: 1 September 2013. Minor changes: 13 December 2019</ref>
	<gallery mode=packed heights=230>		<gallery mode=packed heights=230>
	File:Histopathology of an adenomatoid tumor of the fallopian tube, low magnification.jpg\|An '''adenomatoid tumor''' of the fallopian tube, low magnification, displaying infiltrative-like borders.		File:Histopathology of an adenomatoid tumor of the fallopian tube, low magnification.jpg\|An '''adenomatoid tumor''' of the fallopian tube, low magnification, displaying infiltrative-like borders.
	File:Histopathology of an adenomatoid tumor of the fallopian tube, intermediate magnification.jpg\|High magnification of the same case, showing the typical<ref name=adenomatoid/> features of tubular spaces of varying size composed of flattened cells resembling endothelium.		File:Histopathology of an adenomatoid tumor of the fallopian tube, intermediate magnification.jpg\|High magnification of the same case, showing the typical<ref name=adenomatoid/> features of tubular spaces of varying size composed of flattened cells resembling endothelium.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
			*'''Atypia/crowding''' of the serous epithelium.
			[[File:Histopathology of serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL).jpg\|thumb\|Serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL).<ref>{{cite journal
			\| last1 = Mizuno
			\| first1 = M
			\| last2 = Togami
			\| first2 = S
			\| last3 = Shirota
			\| first3 = K
			\| last4 = et al.
			\| title = Three Cases of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesions (STILs)
			\| journal = Cureus
			\| year = 2024
			\| volume = 16
			\| issue = 6
			\| pages = e62895
			\| doi = 10.7759/cureus.62895
			\| pmc = 11261535
			\| doi-access = free
			}}</ref> H&E staining shows mildly atypical tubal epithelium with largely preserved polarity. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates aberrant block-type p53 expression but a low Ki-67 proliferation index, insufficient for classification as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC).]]

	===Reporting===		===Reporting===

User:DemetriusClendin

DemetriusClendin — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 15:25:04 GMT

User account DemetriusClendin was created

Colitis

Mikael Häggström — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 02:49:57 GMT

Further workup of colitis: line break

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 </gallery>
 Apart from histologically defined diagnoses (collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis), there is no need to speculate about the exact underlying diagnosis (such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis etc.).
 ===Microscopy report===

Gastroesophageal junction

Mikael Häggström — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 16:28:08 GMT

-type

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 28 July 2026
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	Examples:		Examples:
	{\|class=wikitable		{\|class=wikitable
	\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Squamous mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for gastric mucosa or intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}<br>{{Comprehensive-begin}}Negative for dysplasia and malignancy.{{Comprehensive-end}}		\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Squamous mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for gastric mucosa or intestinalized (Barrett-type) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}<br>{{Comprehensive-begin}}Negative for dysplasia and malignancy.{{Comprehensive-end}}
	\|}		\|}

	{\|class=wikitable		{\|class=wikitable
	\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with '''chronic inflammation''' and reactive changes{{Moderate-begin}}, non-specific.<br>Negative for intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}{{Comprehensive-begin}}, dysplasia, and malignancy{{Comprehensive-end}}.		\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with '''chronic inflammation''' and reactive changes{{Moderate-begin}}, non-specific.<br>Negative for intestinalized (Barrett-type) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}{{Comprehensive-begin}}, dysplasia, and malignancy{{Comprehensive-end}}.
	\|}		\|}

	In case of multiple signs of reflux esophagitis:		In case of multiple signs of reflux esophagitis:
	{\|class=wikitable		{\|class=wikitable
	\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with changes consistent with '''reflux esophagitis'''.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa{{Moderate-end}}{{Comprehensive-begin}}, dysplasia, and malignancy{{Comprehensive-end}}.		\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with changes consistent with '''reflux esophagitis'''.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for intestinalized (Barrett-type) mucosa{{Moderate-end}}{{Comprehensive-begin}}, dysplasia, and malignancy{{Comprehensive-end}}.
	\|}		\|}
	<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>		<noinclude>{{Bottom}}</noinclude>

Endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsies

Mikael Häggström — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 16:27:40 GMT

Microscopic examination: -type

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 28 July 2026
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	==Microscopic examination==		==Microscopic examination==
	{{Moderate-begin}}Read the endoscopy report before evaluating (except for polyp biopsies, where it can be presumed that the purpose is to look for ~~any malignancy~~).{{Moderate-end}}		{{Moderate-begin}}Read the endoscopy report before evaluating (except for polyp biopsies, where it can be presumed that the purpose is to look for dysplasia).{{Moderate-end}}<ref group="note">'''Need to read endoscopy report''': If at least a short description of the indication is given in the order, the endoscopy report can be reviewed selectively, such as:
			*Suspected Barrett esophagus: Knowing the Prague classification, exact biopsy levels, and whether salmon-colored mucosa was seen helps correlate with intestinal metaplasia.
			*Inflammatory bowel disease: Distribution and endoscopic severity can help distinguish main conditions.
			*Masses or ulcers: Appearance (fungating, infiltrative, submucosal, healed ulcer) helps when biopsies are scant or nondiagnostic.
			*Microscopic colitis workup: Knowing that the colon appeared endoscopically normal supports the clinical context.
			*Discordant findings: For example, severe endoscopic esophagitis with minimal histologic changes, or vice versa.
			*Cases where the diagnosis affects staging or management: Such as EMRs/ESDs, dysplasia surveillance, unusual lesions or scant material.
			</ref>
	===Example normal reports===		===Example normal reports===
	Further information in main articles of each location.		Further information in main articles of each location.
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	;[[Gastroesophageal junction]]:		;[[Gastroesophageal junction]]:
	{\|class=wikitable		{\|class=wikitable
	\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Squamous and gastric mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}		\| {{Moderate-begin}}GE junction, biopsy:{{Moderate-end}}<br>Squamous and gastric mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.<br>{{Moderate-begin}}Negative for intestinalized (Barrett-type) mucosa.{{Moderate-end}}
	\|}		\|}

Gastritis

Mikael Häggström — Sat, 25 Jul 2026 21:51:37 GMT

Acute gastritis: Threshold

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	:*Modest '''edema''' of lamina propria		:*Modest '''edema''' of lamina propria
	:*'''Vascular congestion'''		:*'''Vascular congestion'''
	:*Scattered '''neutrophils'''		:*Scattered '''neutrophils'''. Even a few unequivocal neutrophils in the lamina propria or epithelium constitute gastritis.
	:*Mucosal '''hemorrhage'''		:*Mucosal '''hemorrhage'''
	:*Intact epithelium		:*Intact epithelium

Peripheral blood smear

Mikael Häggström — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 17:15:14 GMT

White blood cells

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 |}
 ;Burr cells versus spur cells
-<gallery mode=packed heights=150>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
 File:Micrograph of an echinocyte on a peripheral blood smear.jpg|'''Burr cell''' (echinocyte)
 File:Human blood film with acanthocytes 02.jpg|'''Spur cell''' (acanthocyte)
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 ;Intraerythrocytic findings
-<gallery mode=packed heights=150>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
 File:Micrograph of a red blood cells with an overlying platelet on a peripheral blood smear.jpg|When seeing what appears to a platelet overlying a red blood cells (as pictured), confirm that there is a halo.
 File:Human blood film with babesia.jpg|Otherwise, make sure it is not '''babesia''' (pictured) or malaria (images below).
 </gallery>
-<gallery mode=packed heights=250>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="250">
 File:Blood stages of P. falciparum over 48h.jpg|'''Malaria''', showing appearance at different intraerythrocytic blood stages.
 File:Thick blood film with Plasmodium falciparum rings and schizonts.png|If '''malaria''' is suspected, also make a thick blood film.
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 [[File:Monoblast, promonocyte and monocyte.jpg|thumb|400px|Comparison of monoblast, promonocyte and monocyte. {{further|Suspected blasts on peripheral blood smear}}]]
 A common practice is to evaluate at least 100 white blood cells. Look for:
-<gallery mode=packed heights=190>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="190">
 File:Myeloblast with Auer rod.jpg|thumb|'''Blast cells''', generally having large nucleus, immature chromatin, a prominent nucleolus, scant cytoplasm and few or no cytoplasmic granules. This example has an Auer rod (to the left of the nucleus). {{further|Suspected blasts on peripheral blood smear}}
 File:Hypersegmented neutrophil.jpg|'''Hypersegmented neutrophils'''. This is abnormal when more than half of neutrophils have at least 4 segments, or more than 5% of neutrophils have more than 5 segments.<ref name="Glassy 1998 p. ">{{cite book | last=Glassy | first=Eric | title=Color atlas of hematology : an illustrated field guide based on proficiency testing | publisher=College of American Patholgists | publication-place=Northfield, Ill | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-930304-66-9 | oclc=40976106 | page=}}</ref>
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 File:Smudge cell in a peripheral blood smear.jpg|When '''smudge cells''' constitute more than 10% of white blood cells, or in patients with CLL, a separate smear with a drop of serum albumin to every four or five drops of blood should be made to stabilize cell membranes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.captodayonline.com/Archives/0610/0610_qa.html|title=Q & A|website=CAP Today|author=Fredrick L. Kiechle}} June 2010</ref> A semi-quantification of different cell lines should then be made on the albumin slide, whereas white and red blood cell morphology should still be made on the original slide, since it is altered by albumin.
 </gallery>
 ==Report==

Cervical cytology

Mikael Häggström — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 14:35:34 GMT

Main conditions to exclude or confirm: Tip

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 23 July 2026
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	==Main conditions to exclude or confirm==		==Main conditions to exclude or confirm==
	'''Squamous atypia''', seen mainly as cells with increased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia and irregular nuclear outline.		'''Squamous atypia''', seen mainly as cells with increased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia and irregular nuclear outline.

			If the slide has been previously marked by a cytotechnologist or other previewer, grade the marked cells first. Then, you only need to look for worse findings on the rest of the slide.
	<gallery mode=packed heights=220>		<gallery mode=packed heights=220>
	File:Atipia de células escamosas (ASCUS, ASC) (9392112063).jpg\|'''Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)''', with only few slightly atypical cells		File:Atipia de células escamosas (ASCUS, ASC) (9392112063).jpg\|'''Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)''', with only few slightly atypical cells
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	If you are uncertain of the degree of dysplasia, it can be useful to look up how much difference it will likely make for the management of the patient. You may make an Internet search for the management of abnormal cervical screening in your region (such as [https://app.asccp.org/ The ASCCP tool] for management in the US). A change from close follow-up to colposcopy is not that big of a deal, but if one of the alternatives will lead to a diagnostic excision, make sure that the case is looked upon by commensurate expertise.		If you are uncertain of the degree of dysplasia, it can be useful to look up how much difference it will likely make for the management of the patient. You may make an Internet search for the management of abnormal cervical screening in your region (such as [https://app.asccp.org/ The ASCCP tool] for management in the US). A change from close follow-up to colposcopy is not that big of a deal, but if one of the alternatives will lead to a diagnostic excision, make sure that the case is looked upon by commensurate expertise.
	<noinclude>		<noinclude>

	==Other findings==		==Other findings==
	<gallery mode=packed heights=220>		<gallery mode=packed heights=220>

User:Patrickcusia

Patrickcusia — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 20:49:32 GMT

User account Patrickcusia was created