Clinical pathology: Difference between revisions

Line 16:

*[[Cytology]]

</noinclude>

==Sample tube types==

The following is an overview of the main types of sample tube types, organized by order of draw (the recommended sequence by which blood is drawn):

{|class="wikitable"

|+ Sample tube types for phlebotomy

! Tube cap color or type in order of draw !! Additive !! Usage and comments

|-

| '''Blood culture''' bottle || '''Sodium polyanethol sulfonate''' (anticoagulant) and '''growth media''' for microorganisms|| Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination.<ref>{{cite book|first1=KD |last1=Pagana|first2=TJ |last2=Pagana|first3=TN |last3=Pagana|title=Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference - E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7eXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR13|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-22592-2|p=xiii}}</ref> Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for aerobic organisms and one for anaerobic organisms.<ref>{{cite book|title=Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=pEL2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT140|date=6 August 2020|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-55581-881-4|chapter=Chapter 3.4.1: Blood cultures; general detection and interpretation}}</ref>

|-

!style="background: skyblue"| Light blue

| Sodium '''citrate''' (anticoagulant) || '''Coagulation tests''' such as prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and thrombin time (TT). Tube must be filled 100%.

|-

!style="background: red; color: white"| Plain red

| '''No additive''' || '''Serum''': Total complement activity, cryoglobulins

|-

!style="background: goldenrod"| Gold (sometimes red and grey "tiger top"<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 2019|title=Test Tube Guide and Order of Draw|url=https://www.guthrie.org/sites/default/files/GMG_708_0002%20Test%20Tube%20Chart%20and%20Order%20of%20Draw%20Guide%20Attachment%20A%20%20%206-25-19.pdf|url-status=live|website=Guthrie Laboratory Services}}</ref>)

| '''Clot activator''' and '''serum separating''' gel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pathology.uci.edu/services/specimen-containers.asp|title=Specimen requirements/containers|website=Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCI School of Medicine|access-date=2020-09-10}}</ref> || '''Serum-separating tube''': Tube inversions promote clotting. Most chemistry, endocrine and serology tests, including hepatitis and HIV.

|-

!style="background: mediumseagreen; color: white"| Dark green

| Sodium '''heparin''' (anticoagulant) || Chromosome testing, HLA typing, ammonia, Lactic acid|lactate

|-

!style="background: lightgreen"| Light green

| Lithium '''heparin''' (anticoagulant) || '''Plasma'''. Tube inversions prevent clotting

|-

!style="background: MediumOrchid"| Lavender ("purple")

| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Whole blood''': CBC, ESR, Coombs test, platelet antibodies, flow cytometry, blood levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporin

|-

!style="background: pink"| Pink

| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Blood typing''' and cross-matching, direct Coombs test, HIV viral load

|-

!style="background: royalblue; color: white"| Royal blue

| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || Trace elements, heavy metals, most drug levels, toxicology

|-

!style="background: tan"| Tan

| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Lead'''

|-

!style="background: gray; color: white"| Gray

|

*Sodium '''fluoride''' (glycolysis inhibitor)

*Potassium '''oxalate''' (anticoagulant)<ref name="pmid1644639">{{cite journal| vauthors=Castellini MA, Castellini JM, Kirby VL| title=Effects of standard anticoagulants and storage procedures on plasma glucose values in seals. | journal=J Am Vet Med Assoc | year= 1992 | volume= 201 | issue= 1 | pages= 145–8 | pmid=1644639 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1644639 }} </ref>

| '''Glucose test|Glucose''', lactate<ref name="DasguptaSepulveda2019">{{cite book|author1=Amitava Dasgupta|author2=Jorge L. Sepulveda|title=Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HB2kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|date=20 July 2019|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-813777-2|page=131}}</ref>

|-

!style="background: yellow"| Yellow

| '''Acid-citrate-dextrose A''' (anticoagulant) || Tissue typing, DNA studies, HIV cultures

|-

!style="background: pearl"| Pearl ("white")

| '''Separating gel''' and (K<sub>2</sub>)'''EDTA''' || '''PCR''' for adenovirus, toxoplasma and HHV-6

|}

==Lab management==

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 *[[Cytology]]
 </noinclude>
+==Sample tube types==
+The following is an overview of the main types of sample tube types, organized by order of draw (the recommended sequence by which blood is drawn):
+{|class="wikitable"
+|+ Sample tube types for phlebotomy
+! Tube cap color or type in order of draw !! Additive !! Usage and comments
+|-
+| '''Blood culture''' bottle || '''Sodium polyanethol sulfonate''' (anticoagulant) and '''growth media''' for microorganisms|| Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination.<ref>{{cite book|first1=KD |last1=Pagana|first2=TJ |last2=Pagana|first3=TN |last3=Pagana|title=Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference - E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7eXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR13|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-22592-2|p=xiii}}</ref> Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for aerobic organisms and one for anaerobic organisms.<ref>{{cite book|title=Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=pEL2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT140|date=6 August 2020|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-55581-881-4|chapter=Chapter 3.4.1: Blood cultures; general detection and interpretation}}</ref>
+|-
+!style="background: skyblue"| Light blue
+| Sodium '''citrate''' (anticoagulant) || '''Coagulation tests''' such as prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and thrombin time (TT). Tube must be filled 100%.
+|-
+!style="background: red; color: white"| Plain red
+| '''No additive''' || '''Serum''': Total complement activity, cryoglobulins
+|-
+!style="background: goldenrod"| Gold (sometimes red and grey "tiger top"<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 2019|title=Test Tube Guide and Order of Draw|url=https://www.guthrie.org/sites/default/files/GMG_708_0002%20Test%20Tube%20Chart%20and%20Order%20of%20Draw%20Guide%20Attachment%20A%20%20%206-25-19.pdf|url-status=live|website=Guthrie Laboratory Services}}</ref>)
+| '''Clot activator''' and '''serum separating''' gel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pathology.uci.edu/services/specimen-containers.asp|title=Specimen requirements/containers|website=Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCI School of Medicine|access-date=2020-09-10}}</ref> || '''Serum-separating tube''': Tube inversions promote clotting. Most chemistry, endocrine and serology tests, including hepatitis and HIV.
+|-
+!style="background: mediumseagreen; color: white"| Dark green
+| Sodium '''heparin''' (anticoagulant) || Chromosome testing, HLA typing, ammonia, Lactic acid|lactate
+|-
+!style="background: lightgreen"| Light green
+| Lithium '''heparin''' (anticoagulant) || '''Plasma'''. Tube inversions prevent clotting
+|-
+!style="background: MediumOrchid"| Lavender ("purple")
+| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Whole blood''': CBC, ESR, Coombs test, platelet antibodies, flow cytometry, blood levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporin
+|-
+!style="background: pink"| Pink
+| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Blood typing''' and cross-matching, direct Coombs test, HIV viral load
+|-
+!style="background: royalblue; color: white"| Royal blue
+| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || Trace elements, heavy metals, most drug levels, toxicology
+|-
+!style="background: tan"| Tan
+| '''EDTA''' (chelator / anticoagulant) || '''Lead'''
+|-
+!style="background: gray; color: white"| Gray
+|
+*Sodium '''fluoride''' (glycolysis inhibitor)
+*Potassium '''oxalate''' (anticoagulant)<ref name="pmid1644639">{{cite journal| vauthors=Castellini MA, Castellini JM, Kirby VL| title=Effects of standard anticoagulants and storage procedures on plasma glucose values in seals. | journal=J Am Vet Med Assoc | year= 1992 | volume= 201 | issue= 1 | pages= 145–8 | pmid=1644639 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1644639  }} </ref>
+| '''Glucose test|Glucose''', lactate<ref name="DasguptaSepulveda2019">{{cite book|author1=Amitava Dasgupta|author2=Jorge L. Sepulveda|title=Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HB2kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|date=20 July 2019|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-813777-2|page=131}}</ref>
+|-
+!style="background: yellow"| Yellow
+| '''Acid-citrate-dextrose A''' (anticoagulant) || Tissue typing, DNA studies, HIV cultures
+|-
+!style="background: pearl"| Pearl ("white")
+| '''Separating gel''' and (K<sub>2</sub>)'''EDTA''' || '''PCR''' for adenovirus, toxoplasma and HHV-6
+|}
 ==Lab management==

Clinical pathology: Difference between revisions

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