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The following is a simplified classification for the main anti-erythrocyte antibodies, using mneumonics for the main involved antigen groups:
The following is a simplified classification for the main anti-erythrocyte antibodies, using mneumonics for the main involved antigen groups:
*'''Anti-A/B antibodies''': These will cause immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction if the red blood cells do not have compatible antigens, even if there is no previous exposure to the antigens.
*'''Anti-A/B antibodies''': These will cause immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction if the red blood cells do not have compatible antigens, even if there is no previous exposure to the antigens.
*'''"Kickers"-class antibodies''': Antibodies against '''Ki'''dd, '''Ke'''ll, '''R'''h and '''S''' group antigens. These generally need a previous exposure to the antigen to form, but once formed they confer a substantial risk of causing hemolytic transfusion reactions upon subsequent antigen exposures. They are generally of the IgG subtype, and are generally most active at 37°C.
*'''"Kickers"-class antibodies''': Antibodies against '''Ki'''dd, '''Ke'''ll, '''R'''h, '''S''' and Duffy group antigens. These generally need a previous exposure to the antigen to form, but once formed they confer a substantial risk of causing hemolytic transfusion reactions upon subsequent antigen exposures. They are generally of the IgG subtype, and are generally most active at 37°C.
*'''"Limply"-class antibodies''': Antibodies against '''L'''utheran, '''I'''i, '''M'''/N, '''P1''', '''L'''ewis group antigens. These almost never cause significant transfusion reactions (but anti-Ii antibodies are usually the type that causes cold agglutinin disease, a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia)<ref name=":5">{{cite journal | vauthors = Michalak SS, Olewicz-Gawlik A, Rupa-Matysek J, Wolny-Rokicka E, Nowakowska E, Gil L | title = Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: current knowledge and perspectives | journal = Immunity & Ageing | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 38 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 33292368 | pmc = 7677104 | doi = 10.1186/s12979-020-00208-7 | doi-access = free }}</ref> These antibodies are generally naturally occurring, that is, they don't require a previous exposure to the antigen to form. They are generally of the IgM class, and are generally most active at room temperature and below.<ref name="pmid33358685">{{cite journal| author=Ferdowsi S, Mohammadi S, Ahmadnezhad M, Herfat F, Rezvani A, Eshghi P | display-authors=etal| title=Anti-M antibody and ABO blood grouping discrepancy: a report of three cases with review of literature. | journal=Hematol Transfus Cell Ther | year= 2022 | volume= 44 | issue= 2 | pages= 288-290 | pmid=33358685 | doi=10.1016/j.htct.2020.09.150 | pmc=9123591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33358685  }} </ref> They are generally of the IgM class, and are generally not reactive at body temperature.
*'''"Limply"-class antibodies''': Antibodies against '''L'''utheran, '''I'''i, '''M'''/N, '''P1''', '''L'''ewis group antigens. These almost never cause significant transfusion reactions (but anti-Ii antibodies are usually the type that causes cold agglutinin disease, a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia)<ref name=":5">{{cite journal | vauthors = Michalak SS, Olewicz-Gawlik A, Rupa-Matysek J, Wolny-Rokicka E, Nowakowska E, Gil L | title = Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: current knowledge and perspectives | journal = Immunity & Ageing | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 38 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 33292368 | pmc = 7677104 | doi = 10.1186/s12979-020-00208-7 | doi-access = free }}</ref> These antibodies are generally naturally occurring, that is, they don't require a previous exposure to the antigen to form. They are generally of the IgM class, and are generally most active at room temperature and below.<ref name="pmid33358685">{{cite journal| author=Ferdowsi S, Mohammadi S, Ahmadnezhad M, Herfat F, Rezvani A, Eshghi P | display-authors=etal| title=Anti-M antibody and ABO blood grouping discrepancy: a report of three cases with review of literature. | journal=Hematol Transfus Cell Ther | year= 2022 | volume= 44 | issue= 2 | pages= 288-290 | pmid=33358685 | doi=10.1016/j.htct.2020.09.150 | pmc=9123591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33358685  }} </ref> They are generally of the IgM class, and are generally not reactive at body temperature.
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