Difference between revisions of "Colon ischemia"

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}}
 
}}
 
{{Fixation - standard}}
 
{{Fixation - standard}}
==Comprehensiveness==
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Causes include volvulus and arterial occlusion.
 +
 
 
{{Comprehensiveness}}
 
{{Comprehensiveness}}
  
 
==Gross examination==
 
==Gross examination==
 +
*Measure specimen '''length'''
 +
*Measure smallest and largest '''diameter'''
 +
*Describe '''serosa''' (color, adhesions) and '''mesentery'''
 +
*If a '''volvulus''' is still twisted, describe the twist and measure its distances from the resection margins
 +
*'''Open''' the bowel. Most will be filled with air, others filled with feces
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*Describe the '''mucosa''' - color, presence or absence of mucosal folds
 +
*Measure the '''thickness''' of the bowel wall
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*'''Sections''' submitted for microscopy:
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:*Resection margins
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:*Transition between normal and abnormal
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:*Any mesenteric abnormality or enlarged lymph node
 +
 +
===Gross report===
 
Example:
 
Example:
 
{|class=wikitable
 
{|class=wikitable
 
| {{Moderate-begin}} Countainer is labeled: ____ {{Moderate-end}}. The specimen {{Moderate-begin}}is received in formalin and{{Moderate-end}} consists of of bowel measuring __ cm in length{{Moderate-begin}}, __ cm in diameter{{Moderate-end}} and __ cm in thickness. The bowel grossly appears edematous. {{Moderate-begin}}Representative sections are submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes.{{Moderate-end}}
 
| {{Moderate-begin}} Countainer is labeled: ____ {{Moderate-end}}. The specimen {{Moderate-begin}}is received in formalin and{{Moderate-end}} consists of of bowel measuring __ cm in length{{Moderate-begin}}, __ cm in diameter{{Moderate-end}} and __ cm in thickness. The bowel grossly appears edematous. {{Moderate-begin}}Representative sections are submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes.{{Moderate-end}}
 
|}
 
|}
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{{Further|Colon}}
  
 
==Microscopic examination==
 
==Microscopic examination==
 
The main signs of colon ischemia are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/colonischemic.html|title=Colon nontumor - Noninfectious colitis - Ischemic colitis|website=PathologyOutlines|author=Hanni Gulwani}} Topic Completed: 1 May 2013. Revised: 8 January 2019, last major update May 2013</ref>
 
The main signs of colon ischemia are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/colonischemic.html|title=Colon nontumor - Noninfectious colitis - Ischemic colitis|website=PathologyOutlines|author=Hanni Gulwani}} Topic Completed: 1 May 2013. Revised: 8 January 2019, last major update May 2013</ref>
*Necrotizing phlebitis
+
*'''Thrombosis''', which are often hyaline, in small vessels
*Thrombosis, which may be hyaline in small vessels
+
*'''Necrosis''', '''ulceration''' and '''granulation tissue''', extending into submucosa and surrounding smooth muscle fibers of muscularis mucosa
*Necrosis, ulceration and granulation tissue, extending into submucosa and surrounding smooth muscle fibers of muscularis mucosa
+
*'''Hemorrhage''' and '''edema''' in lamina propria
*Hemorrhage and edema in lamina propria
 
*Hyaline thrombi
 
 
{{Bottom}}
 
{{Bottom}}

Latest revision as of 12:49, 19 July 2021

Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Fixation

Generally 10% neutral buffered formalin. Causes include volvulus and arterial occlusion.

Comprehensiveness

On this resource, the following formatting is used for comprehensiveness:

  • Minimal depth
  • (Moderate depth)
  • ((Comprehensive))

Gross examination

  • Measure specimen length
  • Measure smallest and largest diameter
  • Describe serosa (color, adhesions) and mesentery
  • If a volvulus is still twisted, describe the twist and measure its distances from the resection margins
  • Open the bowel. Most will be filled with air, others filled with feces
  • Describe the mucosa - color, presence or absence of mucosal folds
  • Measure the thickness of the bowel wall
  • Sections submitted for microscopy:
  • Resection margins
  • Transition between normal and abnormal
  • Any mesenteric abnormality or enlarged lymph node

Gross report

Example:

( Countainer is labeled: ____ ). The specimen (is received in formalin and) consists of of bowel measuring __ cm in length(, __ cm in diameter) and __ cm in thickness. The bowel grossly appears edematous. (Representative sections are submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes.)

Further information: Colon

Microscopic examination

The main signs of colon ischemia are:[1]

  • Thrombosis, which are often hyaline, in small vessels
  • Necrosis, ulceration and granulation tissue, extending into submucosa and surrounding smooth muscle fibers of muscularis mucosa
  • Hemorrhage and edema in lamina propria

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. Hanni Gulwani. Colon nontumor - Noninfectious colitis - Ischemic colitis. PathologyOutlines. Topic Completed: 1 May 2013. Revised: 8 January 2019, last major update May 2013

Image sources