Difference between revisions of "Evaluation of suspected malignancies"
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− | The most important aspects of a tumor is whether it benign or malignant. If malignant, then staging is necessary.<ref name=cancer>{{cite web |url= http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/staging |title=Cancer staging |date= |publisher=National Cancer Institute |accessdate=4 January 2013}}</ref> | + | The most important aspects of a tumor is whether it benign or malignant. If malignant, then staging is necessary.<ref name=cancer>{{cite web |url= http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/staging |title=Cancer staging |date= |publisher=National Cancer Institute |accessdate=4 January 2013}}</ref> There are generally specific criteria for various forms of tumors, which should be used whenever applicable, but following are some generalizations. |
==Benign or malignant== | ==Benign or malignant== |
Revision as of 06:25, 29 January 2020
Author:
Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Further reading: |
The most important aspects of a tumor is whether it benign or malignant. If malignant, then staging is necessary.[1] There are generally specific criteria for various forms of tumors, which should be used whenever applicable, but following are some generalizations.
Contents
Benign or malignant
Benign[2] | Malignant[2] | |
---|---|---|
Gross examination |
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Possibly:
|
Microscopy | Almost no irregularities of cellular structures | Nuclear atypia:
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Staging
Staging is generally done by TNM classification. Specific TNM systems should be used, as per the manual by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), whenever applicable. Otherwise, a general system may be used:[1]
T: size or direct extent of the primary tumor
N: degree of spread to regional lymph nodes
M: presence of distant metastasis
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Typing and grading
Beyond determining overall malignancy, probable origin and staging, classification of tumors into a specific histopathologic type or grade is of relatively less value. In cases of clearly non-malignant tumors where it is difficult to determine the specific histopathologic type or grade, it is generally acceptable to conclude the evaluation and report it as such, unless the clinician specifically requests otherwise. For potentially malignant or high-risk tumors, typing and grading often still affects the management.
Additional slices
- Additional slices are indicated for example in cases where re-excision does not identify tumor cells in a clearly non-radical primary excision or biopsy.[notes 1]
Notes
- ↑ In such cases, step slices are taken rather than serial ones.
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.
Main page
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 . Cancer staging. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved on 4 January 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 . General oncology. Amboss. Retrieved on 2020-01-29.
Image sources