Difference between revisions of "Gastroesophageal junction"

From patholines.org
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 16: Line 16:
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=180>
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=180>
 
File:Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus, annotated.jpg|Histopathology of '''[[Barrett's esophagus]]''', showing intestinalized epithelium with goblet cells, as opposed to normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the fundus of the stomach. H&E stain.
 
File:Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus, annotated.jpg|Histopathology of '''[[Barrett's esophagus]]''', showing intestinalized epithelium with goblet cells, as opposed to normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the fundus of the stomach. H&E stain.
File:Histopathology of goblet cells (annotated) and foveolar cells in incomplete Barrett's esophagus.jpg|In '''incomplete''' intestinal metaplasia, there are both foveolar cells and goblet cells, the latter (indicated by arrows) usually having a slightly bluish color compared to the apical cytoplasm of foveolar cells.
+
File:Histopathology of goblet cells (annotated) and foveolar cells in incomplete Barrett's esophagus.jpg|In '''incomplete''' intestinal metaplasia, there are both foveolar cells and goblet cells, the latter (indicated by arrows) usually having a slightly bluish color compared to the apical cytoplasm of foveolar cells. A specific sign is crescent shaped nuclei of goblet cells (seen in middle one).
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  

Revision as of 08:17, 13 September 2021

Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Endoscopic biopsies   edit
Mostly:

Comprehensiveness

On this resource, the following formatting is used for comprehensiveness:

  • Minimal depth
  • (Moderate depth)
  • ((Comprehensive))

Microscopic examination

The main findings to look for are:

Barret's esophagus

The main diagnostic sign of Barret's esophagus is the presence of goblet cells. A true goblet cell should have rounded shape, clear to bluish cytoplasmic mucin, and be randomly scattered.[1] The mucin usually indents the nucleus.[1]

Further information: Barret's esophagus

Esophagitis

GE junction with chronic esophagitis, including plasma cells (black arrow), an acute inflammation with neutrophils (white arrow), as well as basal layer hyperplasia (yellow double-headed arrow).

Look for signs of (reflux) esophagitis, mainly:[2]

  • Inflammatory cells, especially when intra-epithelial. Neutrophils confer a diagnosis of acute inflammation, while plasma cells, eosinophils and excess T cells confer a diagnosis of chronic inflammation. In eosinophil-predominant inflammation, also evaluate as suspected eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • Basal cell hyperplasia exceeding 15 - 20% of the epithelial thickness.
  • Stromal papillae reaching upper third of the epithelium.
  • Loss of orientation of superficial epithelial cells.
  • Ballooned squamous cells

Report

(Document the type of mucosa:

  • If both gastric and squamous mucosa is present in the same fragment, report as "Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with..."
  • If not, report the presence of squamous and/or gastric mucosa.)

Examples:

(GE junction, biopsy:)
Squamous mucosa without significant histopathologic changes.
(Negative for gastric mucosa or intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.)
(GE junction, biopsy:)
Gastroesophageal junctional mucosa with chronic inflammation and reactive changes(, non-specific.
Negative for intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.)

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Dipti M. Karamchandani. Esophagus - Premalignant - Barrett esophagus. Topic Completed: 19 March 2020, Minor changes: 29 June 2020
  2. Elliot Weisenberg. Esophagus - Esophagitis - Reflux esophagitis / gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 October 2012. Minor changes: 8 July 2020

Image sources