Difference between revisions of "Lung autopsy"

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(→‎Microscopic evaluation: +Bronchopneumonia)
(→‎Microscopic evaluation: +Other contents)
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[[File:Histopathology of pulmonary congestion and siderophages.jpg|thumb|220px|Siderophages (one indicated by white arrow), indicating chronic left heart failure. Also pulmonary congestion and lymphocytes, consistent with heart failure.]]
 
[[File:Histopathology of pulmonary congestion and siderophages.jpg|thumb|220px|Siderophages (one indicated by white arrow), indicating chronic left heart failure. Also pulmonary congestion and lymphocytes, consistent with heart failure.]]
 
Look for the most common pathologic lung findings:<ref name="TiwanaNibhoria2014">'''India''': {{cite journal|last1=Tiwana|first1=Kanwardeep Kaur|last2=Nibhoria|first2=Sarita|last3=Gupta|first3=Manvi|last4=Yadav|first4=Ashish|title=Histopathological Spectrum in Lung Autopsies- A 50 Case Study|journal=Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology|volume=8|issue=2|year=2014|pages=172|issn=0973-9122|doi=10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00709.9}}</ref><ref>'''United States''': {{cite web|url=https://washingtonforensicsservices.com/pulmonary-lung-conditions-found-at-autopsy/|title=Pulmonary Lung Conditions Found at Autopsy|author=Dr. Stanley Adams|website=Washington Forensic Services|accessdate=2019-12-20}}</ref>
 
Look for the most common pathologic lung findings:<ref name="TiwanaNibhoria2014">'''India''': {{cite journal|last1=Tiwana|first1=Kanwardeep Kaur|last2=Nibhoria|first2=Sarita|last3=Gupta|first3=Manvi|last4=Yadav|first4=Ashish|title=Histopathological Spectrum in Lung Autopsies- A 50 Case Study|journal=Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology|volume=8|issue=2|year=2014|pages=172|issn=0973-9122|doi=10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00709.9}}</ref><ref>'''United States''': {{cite web|url=https://washingtonforensicsservices.com/pulmonary-lung-conditions-found-at-autopsy/|title=Pulmonary Lung Conditions Found at Autopsy|author=Dr. Stanley Adams|website=Washington Forensic Services|accessdate=2019-12-20}}</ref>
*Edema and congestion (often together), indicating left sided heart failure:
+
*'''Edema and congestion''' (often together), indicating left sided heart failure:
:*Acute congestion manifests as alveolar capillaries being engorged with blood, as well as associated alveolar septal edema and/or focal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.<ref name=humpath>{{cite web|url=http://humpath.com/spip.php?article7894|title=Congestion|website=Humpath|date=2005-12-19}}</ref>
+
:*'''Acute''' congestion manifests as alveolar capillaries being engorged with blood, as well as associated alveolar septal edema and/or focal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.<ref name=humpath>{{cite web|url=http://humpath.com/spip.php?article7894|title=Congestion|website=Humpath|date=2005-12-19}}</ref>
:*Chronic congestion manifests as thickened and fibrotic septa, and alveolar spaces containing numerous siderophages.<ref name=humpath/>
+
:*'''Chronic''' congestion manifests as thickened and fibrotic septa, and alveolar spaces containing numerous siderophages.<ref name=humpath/>
*Pneumonia
+
*'''Pneumonia'''/Inflammatory cells
*Tuberculosis in regions with substantial prevalence
+
*'''Tuberculosis''' in regions of the world with substantial prevalence
*Carcinoma
+
*'''Carcinoma'''
 +
*Other foreign contents in airways.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:Histopathology of pulmonary edema.jpg|Edema
 
File:Histopathology of pulmonary edema.jpg|Edema

Revision as of 11:26, 9 January 2020

Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Not including larger pulmonary vessels (instead summarized at Autopsy - Other thorax).

Basic autopsy cutting

In non-forensic Autopsy:

  • Dissect the pulmonary arterial system, from the pulmonary trunk and including at least segmental arteries.
  • Dissect the bronchial tree, at least to segmental bronchi. Check for obstructions.
  • Make some additional sections through the lung parenchyma. Squeeze at each side to detect any pus and edema.[1]

Further information: Autopsy

Gross evaluation

Gross pathology of miliary "millet seed-like" tuberculosis.
  • A spongy consistency, and watery and frothy liquid being pressed from the parenchyma, indicates simple edema.[2]
  • A spongy consistency and reddish (blood-stained) fluid being pressed from the parenchyma, indicates acute congestion.[2]
  • A brownish or dark reddish color of the fluid pressed from the parenchyma indicates chronic congestion, and may not have a spongy consistency.[2]

Fixation

Generally 10% neutral buffered formalin.

  See also: General notes on fixation


Microscopic evaluation

Siderophages (one indicated by white arrow), indicating chronic left heart failure. Also pulmonary congestion and lymphocytes, consistent with heart failure.

Look for the most common pathologic lung findings:[3][4]

  • Edema and congestion (often together), indicating left sided heart failure:
  • Acute congestion manifests as alveolar capillaries being engorged with blood, as well as associated alveolar septal edema and/or focal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.[5]
  • Chronic congestion manifests as thickened and fibrotic septa, and alveolar spaces containing numerous siderophages.[5]
  • Pneumonia/Inflammatory cells
  • Tuberculosis in regions of the world with substantial prevalence
  • Carcinoma
  • Other foreign contents in airways.

Reporting

Report findings and if they are consistent with already known diagnoses. Further information: Autopsy

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. Burton, Julian L.; Rutty, Guy N. (2010). The Hospital Autopsy A Manual of Fundamental Autopsy Practice (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0340965146. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 page 62 in: J. Martin Beattie (2014). Post-Mortem Methods . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107418004. 
  3. India: Tiwana, Kanwardeep Kaur; Nibhoria, Sarita; Gupta, Manvi; Yadav, Ashish (2014). "Histopathological Spectrum in Lung Autopsies- A 50 Case Study ". Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 8 (2): 172. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00709.9. ISSN 0973-9122. 
  4. United States: Dr. Stanley Adams. Pulmonary Lung Conditions Found at Autopsy. Washington Forensic Services. Retrieved on 2019-12-20.
  5. 5.0 5.1 . Congestion. Humpath (2005-12-19).

Image sources