Papillary thyroid carcinoma
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Author:
Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Contents
Presentations
Usually either of the following:
- Thyroid cytology
- Thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy
Evaluation
A papillary thyroid carcinoma is characterized by:
Pseudonuclear inclusions (representing cytoplasmic invaginations)
Nuclear grooves
Also, it typically has nuclei with:[1]
- Enlargement, elongation, overlapping
- Chromatin with clearing, margination, glassy / ground glass texture
- Nuclear membrane with irregular contour
Staging
Staging as per AJCC, 8th edition:[2]
| T Category | T Criteria |
|---|---|
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
| T1 | Tumor ≤2 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid |
| T1a | Tumor ≤1 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid |
| T1b | Tumor >1 cm but ≤2 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid |
| T2 | Tumor >2 cm but ≤4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid |
| T3 | Tumor >4 cm limited to the thyroid, or gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles |
| T3a | Tumor >4 cm limited to the thyroid |
| T3b | Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size |
| T4 | Includes gross extrathyroidal extension beyond the strap muscles |
| T4a | Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size |
| T4b | Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size |
| N Category | N Criteria |
|---|---|
| NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 | No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis |
| N0a | One or more cytologically or histologically confirmed benign lymph nodes |
| N0b | No radiologic or clinical evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis |
| N1 | Metastasis to regional nodes |
| N1a | Metastasis to level VI or VII (pretracheal, paratracheal, or prelaryngeal/Delphian, or upper mediastinal) lymph nodes. This can be unilateral or bilateral disease. |
| N1b | Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral lateral neck lymph nodes (levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal lymph nodes |
| M Category | M Criteria |
|---|---|
| M0 | No distant metastasis |
| M1 | Distant metastasis |
Notes
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.
Main page
References
- ↑ Bin Xu, M.D., Ph.D.. Thyroid & parathyroid - Papillary thyroid carcinoma - Papillary thyroid carcinoma overview. Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 8 January 2020. Minor changes: 28 May 2021
- ↑ Amin, Mahul (2017). AJCC cancer staging manual
(8 ed.). Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-40617-6. OCLC 961218414.
- For access, see the Secrets chapter of Patholines.
- Copyright note: The AJCC, 8th Ed. is published by a company in Switzerland, and the tables presented therein are Public Domain because they consist of tabular information without literary or artistic innovation, and therefore do not fulfil the inclusion criterion of the Swiss Copyright Act (CopA) which applies to "literary and artistic intellectual creations with individual character" (see Federal Act on Copyright and Related Rights (Copyright Act, CopA) of 9 October 1992 (Status as of 1 January 2022)).
Image sources
