Difference between revisions of "Template:Heart - standard autopsy cutting"

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*Remove the parietal '''pericardium'''
 
*Remove the parietal '''pericardium'''
 
*'''Separate''' the heart from the from lungs by cutting through the major vessels. The pulmonary artery should be cut first and the lumen inspected for any pulmonary embolism.
 
*'''Separate''' the heart from the from lungs by cutting through the major vessels. The pulmonary artery should be cut first and the lumen inspected for any pulmonary embolism.
*Dissect the '''coronary vessels'''.{{{coronary note}}}
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*'''Weigh''' the heart.
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*Dissect the '''coronary vessels'''. {{{coronary note}}} {{further|Arteries|linebreak=no}}
 
*On the '''right side''' of the heart, dissect in the direction of blood flow: Superior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle. Look for thromboses or patent foramen ovale.<ref group=notes>The right ventricle can alternatively be cut in circumferential slices along with the left ventricle.</ref>
 
*On the '''right side''' of the heart, dissect in the direction of blood flow: Superior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle. Look for thromboses or patent foramen ovale.<ref group=notes>The right ventricle can alternatively be cut in circumferential slices along with the left ventricle.</ref>
 
*Dissect the '''atrial appendages''', to exclude thromboses.
 
*Dissect the '''atrial appendages''', to exclude thromboses.
*Dissect the '''left ventricle''', such as into circumferential slices from the apex to the base.<ref group="notes">An alternative approach is to cut the left ventricle through a cut along the left lateral margin, followed by an anterior cut from the apex to the aortic root, freeing the anterior wall. Then cut through the plane of the myocardium of the anterior and posterior myocardial wall, as well as the septum, for any signs of infarction. {{Moderate-begin}}Dissect one or more papillary muscles for infarction.{{Moderate-end}}</ref> Inspect {{Moderate-begin}}and measure{{Moderate-end}} the left ventricular wall thickness.<noinclude>
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*Dissect the '''left ventricle''', such as into circumferential slices from the apex to the base.<ref group="notes">An alternative approach is to cut the left ventricle through a cut along the left lateral margin, followed by an anterior cut from the apex to the aortic root, freeing the anterior wall. Then cut through the plane of the myocardium of the anterior and posterior myocardial wall, as well as the septum, for any signs of infarction. {{Moderate-begin}}Dissect one or more papillary muscles for infarction.{{Moderate-end}}</ref> Inspect {{Moderate-begin}}and measure{{Moderate-end}} the left ventricular wall thickness.
*{{Moderate-begin}}Measure the circumferences of the four valves.{{Moderate-end}}
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[[File:Circumferences of the aortic root.jpg|thumb|370px|Valve circumferences are measured at the '''basal ring''' (bottom in image).]]
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*{{Moderate-begin}}Measure the '''circumferences''' of the four valves. Cutoffs for valve dilatation:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kitzman|first1=Dalane W.|last2=Scholz|first2=David G.|last3=Hagen|first3=Philip T.|last4=Ilstrup|first4=Duane M.|last5=Edwards|first5=William D.|title=Age-Related Changes in Normal Human Hearts During the First 10 Decades of Life. Part II (Maturity): A Quantitative Anatomic Study of 765 Specimens From Subjects 20 to 99 Years Old|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=63|issue=2|year=1988|pages=137–146|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(12)64946-5}}
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*{{cite journal|last1=Griffith|first1=Christopher C.|last2=Raval|first2=Jay S.|last3=Nichols|first3=Larry|title=Intravascular Talcosis due to Intravenous Drug Use Is an Underrecognized Cause of Pulmonary Hypertension|journal=Pulmonary Medicine|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–6|issn=2090-1836|doi=10.1155/2012/617531}}</ref>
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:*Mitral valve: circumference greater than 9.9 cm in males and 9.1 cm in females
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:*Aortic valve: circumference greater than 8.5 cm in males and 7.9 cm in females
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:*Tricuspid valve: circumference greater than 11.8 cm in males and 11.1 cm in females
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:*Pulmonic valve: circumference greater than 7.5 cm in males and 7.4 cm in females{{Moderate-end}}
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<noinclude>
 
{{Bottom}}
 
{{Bottom}}
 
</noinclude>
 
</noinclude>

Revision as of 14:37, 30 January 2021

{{{header}}} edit

  • Remove the parietal pericardium
  • Separate the heart from the from lungs by cutting through the major vessels. The pulmonary artery should be cut first and the lumen inspected for any pulmonary embolism.
  • Weigh the heart.
  • Dissect the coronary vessels. {{{coronary note}}} Further information: Arteries
  • On the right side of the heart, dissect in the direction of blood flow: Superior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle. Look for thromboses or patent foramen ovale.[notes 1]
  • Dissect the atrial appendages, to exclude thromboses.
  • Dissect the left ventricle, such as into circumferential slices from the apex to the base.[notes 2] Inspect (and measure) the left ventricular wall thickness.
Valve circumferences are measured at the basal ring (bottom in image).
  • (Measure the circumferences of the four valves. Cutoffs for valve dilatation:[1]
  • Mitral valve: circumference greater than 9.9 cm in males and 9.1 cm in females
  • Aortic valve: circumference greater than 8.5 cm in males and 7.9 cm in females
  • Tricuspid valve: circumference greater than 11.8 cm in males and 11.1 cm in females
  • Pulmonic valve: circumference greater than 7.5 cm in males and 7.4 cm in females)

Notes

  1. The right ventricle can alternatively be cut in circumferential slices along with the left ventricle.
  2. An alternative approach is to cut the left ventricle through a cut along the left lateral margin, followed by an anterior cut from the apex to the aortic root, freeing the anterior wall. Then cut through the plane of the myocardium of the anterior and posterior myocardial wall, as well as the septum, for any signs of infarction. (Dissect one or more papillary muscles for infarction.)


Main page

References

  1. Kitzman, Dalane W.; Scholz, David G.; Hagen, Philip T.; Ilstrup, Duane M.; Edwards, William D. (1988). "Age-Related Changes in Normal Human Hearts During the First 10 Decades of Life. Part II (Maturity): A Quantitative Anatomic Study of 765 Specimens From Subjects 20 to 99 Years Old ". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 63 (2): 137–146. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)64946-5. ISSN 00256196. 
    • Griffith, Christopher C.; Raval, Jay S.; Nichols, Larry (2012). "Intravascular Talcosis due to Intravenous Drug Use Is an Underrecognized Cause of Pulmonary Hypertension
    ". Pulmonary Medicine 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/617531. ISSN 2090-1836. 

Image sources