Changes

Look primarily for the most commons causes of the presentation at hand, such as hyperthyroidism (see image). Thyroid nodules can broadly be classified into benign versus malignant, where the risk of malignancy per nodule case is higher in younger people (approximately 23% in people aged 20-30 and approximately 13% in those aged >70 y).<ref name="KwongMedici2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kwong|first1=Norra|last2=Medici|first2=Marco|last3=Angell|first3=Trevor E.|last4=Liu|first4=Xiaoyun|last5=Marqusee|first5=Ellen|last6=Cibas|first6=Edmund S.|last7=Krane|first7=Jeffrey F.|last8=Barletta|first8=Justine A.|last9=Kim|first9=Matthew I.|last10=Larsen|first10=P. Reed|last11=Alexander|first11=Erik K.|title=The Influence of Patient Age on Thyroid Nodule Formation, Multinodularity, and Thyroid Cancer Risk|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=100|issue=12|year=2015|pages=4434–4440|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2015-3100}}</ref> Benign thyroid nodules are generally either follicular adenoma or Hürthle cell adenoma (approximately 60% and 40% of benign nodules, respectively).<ref name="MalithBombil2018">{{cite journal|last1=Malith|first1=V|last2=Bombil|first2=I|last3=Harran|first3=N|last4=Luvhengo|first4=TE|title=Demographic and histological subtypes of Hurthle cell tumours of the thyroid in a South African setting|journal=South African Journal of Surgery|volume=56|issue=3|year=2018|pages=20–23|issn=00382361|doi=10.17159/2078-5151/2018/v56n3a2557}}</ref>

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File:Histopathology of hyperfunctioning and non-hyperfunctioning thyroid follicular adenoma.jpg|'''Thyroid follicular adenoma''', being architecturally and cytologically different from surrounding gland, and being completely enveloped by thin fibrous capsule (if not being encapsulated, mainly consider thyroid carcinoma if atypical cells, otherwise nodular hyperplasia with dominant nodule, the latter especially if there are hyperplastic changes elsewhere in gland).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidfollicularadenoma.html|title=Thyroid & parathyroid Benign thyroid neoplasms. Follicular adenoma.|author=Sheren Younes, M.D.|website=Pathology Outlines}} Last author update: 1 November 2014. Last staff update: 8 March 2022</ref> Hyperfunctioning follicular adenoma typically shows follicles with papillary infoldings and bubbly, pale colloid with peripheral scalloping (a). Non-hyperfunctioning adenomas with papillary hyperplasia usually show a more predominantly papillary pattern without vacuolated cytoplasm and scalloping colloid (b).<ref name=Cameselle-Teijeiro2020>{{cite journal| author=Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Eloy C, Sobrinho-Simões M| title=Pitfalls in Challenging Thyroid Tumors: Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Biomarkers. | journal=Endocr Pathol | year= 2020 | volume= 31 | issue= 3 | pages= 197-217 | pmid=32632840 | doi=10.1007/s12022-020-09638-x | pmc=7395918 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32632840 }}<br>"This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"</ref>

File:Pie chart of relative incidences of thyroid cancers.png|Relative incidences of '''malignant''' thyroid tumors.