Difference between revisions of "Urinary bladder"

From patholines.org
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Started)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
  
 
==Bladder cancer==
 
==Bladder cancer==
The main condition of interest in urinary bladder cytologies and biopsies is bladder cancer. 95% of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinoma:<ref name=CancerCenter>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cancercenter.com/bladder-cancer/types/|title=Types of Bladder Cancer: TCC & Other Variants|website=CTCA|work=CancerCenter.com|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref>
+
The main condition of interest in urinary bladder cytologies and biopsies is bladder cancer.
  
The other 5% are [[squamous cell carcinoma]]s, [[adenocarcinoma]]s, [[sarcoma]]s, [[small cell carcinoma]]s, and secondary deposits from cancers elsewhere in the body.<ref name=CancerCenter/>
+
===Gross reporting of transurethral resections===
 +
*Generally submit '''all''' material.<ref group=notes>It may be sufficient to submit representative sections that include the muscular layer, if grossly identified. Yet, many departments require submission of the entire specimen regardless, so if unsure, that is the safe choice.</ref>
 +
*Submit in tea bags or equivalent.<ref>Tissue from transurethral resections are generally very brittle and may escape the openings of a conventional cassette.</ref>
  
 +
Example report:
 +
{|class=wikitable
 +
| Container A. Labeled "bladder tumor". The specimen is received in formalin and consists of multiple fragments of tan-gray, friable soft tissue measuring about __ x __ x __ cm in aggregate. The specimen is entirely submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes.
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Microscopy===
 +
Mainly look for '''[[urothelial carcinoma]]''' (also called transitional cell carcinoma), which constitutes 95% of bladder cancers.<ref name=CancerCenter>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancercenter.com/bladder-cancer/types/|title=Types of Bladder Cancer: TCC & Other Variants|website=CTCA|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref>
 +
 +
<gallery mode=packed heights=200>
 +
File:Papillary urothelial carcinoma (low-grade), very high mag.jpg|'''Low grade [[urothelial carcinoma]]''': Urothelium is thickened but only slightly atypical and has maintained polarity.
 +
File:Papillary urothelial carcinoma (high-grade), very high mag.jpg|'''High grade [[urothelial carcinoma]]''': Loss of polarity and severe abnormal cytology.
 +
</gallery>
 
{{Bottom}}
 
{{Bottom}}

Revision as of 13:24, 7 November 2020

Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Bladder cancer

The main condition of interest in urinary bladder cytologies and biopsies is bladder cancer.

Gross reporting of transurethral resections

  • Generally submit all material.[notes 1]
  • Submit in tea bags or equivalent.[1]

Example report:

Container A. Labeled "bladder tumor". The specimen is received in formalin and consists of multiple fragments of tan-gray, friable soft tissue measuring about __ x __ x __ cm in aggregate. The specimen is entirely submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes.

Microscopy

Mainly look for urothelial carcinoma (also called transitional cell carcinoma), which constitutes 95% of bladder cancers.[2]

Notes

  1. It may be sufficient to submit representative sections that include the muscular layer, if grossly identified. Yet, many departments require submission of the entire specimen regardless, so if unsure, that is the safe choice.
  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. Tissue from transurethral resections are generally very brittle and may escape the openings of a conventional cassette.
  2. . Types of Bladder Cancer: TCC & Other Variants. CTCA.

Image sources