Urinary bladder
Author:
Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Contents
Bladder cancer
The main condition of interest in urinary bladder cytologies and biopsies is bladder cancer.
Gross reporting of transurethral resections
Example report:
Container A. Labeled "bladder tumor". The specimen is received in formalin and consists of multiple fragments of tan-gray, friable soft tissue measuring about __ x __ x __ cm in aggregate. The specimen is entirely submitted for microscopic examination in __ cassettes. |
Microscopy
Mainly look for urothelial carcinoma (also called transitional cell carcinoma), which constitutes 95% of bladder cancers.[2]
Low grade urothelial carcinoma: Urothelium is thickened but only slightly atypical and has maintained polarity.
High grade urothelial carcinoma: Loss of polarity and severe abnormal cytology.
Other possibilities:
Notes
- ↑ It may be sufficient to submit representative sections that include the muscular layer, if grossly identified. Yet, many departments require submission of the entire specimen regardless, so if unsure, that is the safe choice.
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.
Main page
References
- ↑ Tissue from transurethral resections are generally very brittle and may escape the openings of a conventional cassette.
- ↑ . Types of Bladder Cancer: TCC & Other Variants. CTCA.
Image sources