Flow cytometry

Cell distribution

Flow cytometry gating into main categories of blood cells by side scatter and CD45, in a case with relatively normal distributions.

Reference ranges for leukocytes in bone marrow aspirates of healthy individuals^[1]
Cell type	5th percentile	Median	Mean	95th percentile
CD34+ cells	0.7	1.8	1.8	2.8
Hematogones/Immature cells	2.5	5.9	5.9	9.2
Lymphocytes	5.7	13.4	14.2	25
Granulocytes	59.5	73.7	73.4	85.5
Monocytes	2	3.5	3.7	5.8
Remaining cells	1.4	2.5	2.8	4.5

Flow cytometry using 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), wherein a lower signal indicates viable cells. Therefore, this case shows good viability.

Viability of the cells in flow cytometry should be around 95% but not less than 90%.^[2]

A ratio of 1.5 and 2.5 is generally considered normal.^[3]^{[notes 1]}

Normal range: 1.35 - 2.95.^[4]

↑ Normal CD4/CD8 ratio is affected by multiple factors, including sex, age, ethnicity and genetics

↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

↑ Brooimans RA, Kraan J, van Putten W, Cornelissen JJ, Löwenberg B, Gratama JW (2009). "Flow cytometric differential of leukocyte populations in normal bone marrow: influence of peripheral blood contamination. ". Cytometry B Clin Cytom 76 (1): 18-26. doi:10.1002/cyto.b.20439. PMID 18942105. Archived from the original. .
↑ . Flow cytometry (FACS) staining protocol (Cell surface staining). Yale School of Medicine - Yale Flow Cytometry. Retrieved on 2023-10-17.
↑ McBride JA, Striker R (2017). "Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health? ". PLoS Pathog 13 (11): e1006624. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624. PMID 29095912. PMC: 5667733. Archived from the original. .
↑ Jiang AS, Wu Z, Wei EX, Ni H, You B, Yang T (2018). "Plasma cell myeloma with dual expression of kappa and lambda light chains. ". Int J Clin Exp Pathol 11 (9): 4718-4723. PMID 31949873. PMC: 6962953. Archived from the original. .