Patholines - Pathology Guidelines

Flow cytometry

Author: Mikael Häggström, M.D. [note 1]

Cell distribution

Flow cytometry gating into main categories of blood cells by side scatter and CD45, in a case with relatively normal distributions.
Reference ranges for leukocytes in bone marrow aspirates of healthy individuals[1]
Cell type 5th
percentile		 Median Mean 95th
percentile
CD34+ cells 0.7 1.8 1.8 2.8
Hematogones/Immature cells 2.5 5.9 5.9 9.2
Lymphocytes 5.7 13.4 14.2 25
Granulocytes 59.5 73.7 73.4 85.5
Monocytes 2 3.5 3.7 5.8
Remaining cells 1.4 2.5 2.8 4.5


Viability

Flow cytometry using 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), wherein a lower signal indicates viable cells. Therefore, this case shows good viability.

Viability of the cells in flow cytometry should be around 95% but not less than 90%.[2]

CD4/CD8 ratio

A ratio of 1.5 and 2.5 is generally considered normal.[3][notes 1]

Kappa/lambda ratio

Normal range: 1.35 - 2.95.[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ Normal CD4/CD8 ratio is affected by multiple factors, including sex, age, ethnicity and genetics
  1. ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

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References

  1. ↑ Brooimans RA, Kraan J, van Putten W, Cornelissen JJ, Löwenberg B, Gratama JW (2009). "Flow cytometric differential of leukocyte populations in normal bone marrow: influence of peripheral blood contamination. ". Cytometry B Clin Cytom 76 (1): 18-26. doi:10.1002/cyto.b.20439. PMID 18942105. Archived from the original. . 
  2. ↑ . Flow cytometry (FACS) staining protocol (Cell surface staining). Yale School of Medicine - Yale Flow Cytometry. Retrieved on 2023-10-17.
  3. ↑ McBride JA, Striker R (2017). "Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health? ". PLoS Pathog 13 (11): e1006624. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624. PMID 29095912. PMC: 5667733. Archived from the original. . 
  4. ↑ Jiang AS, Wu Z, Wei EX, Ni H, You B, Yang T (2018). "Plasma cell myeloma with dual expression of kappa and lambda light chains. ". Int J Clin Exp Pathol 11 (9): 4718-4723. PMID 31949873. PMC: 6962953. Archived from the original. . 

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