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| ==Contents== | | {{Starting pathology - Initial}} |
| This curriculum contains the pertinent things a pathologist need to memorize, which can broadly be categorized into:
| | =Emergent pathology= |
| | {{Emergent pathology - entire article}} |
| | {{Fixation, gross processing and evaluation}} |
| | {{Cytology, tumors, evaluation of suspected malignancies, immunohistochemistry, consultation and reporting}} |
| | =Gastrointestinal pathology= |
| | {{Gastrointestinal pathology - entire article}} |
| | =Breast pathology= |
| | {{Breast pathology - entire article}} |
| | =Autopsy= |
| | {{Autopsy - entire topic}} |
| | =Reproductive system= |
| | {{Reproductive system - entire topic}} |
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| * '''Emergent pathology''', mostly relating to intraoperative or frozen section consultations. This includes information that usually cannot be timely looked up on the Internet when needed.
| | =Skin= |
| * Main '''pitfalls''': Most common and dangerous situations where a pathologist may not recognize the need to look something up further or ask a senior colleague.
| | {{Skin - entire topic}} |
| * '''Patterns''' and '''signs''' which can be seen grossly or under the microscope. It confers the ability to translate visuals into words that can be looked up if needed.
| | {{Vessels, soft tissue}} |
| * Knowledge of '''where to find information''' for various situations. It includes which person or which '''search engine''' is most useful for various clinical situations. Google is generally an appropriate search engine, but sometimes more specific or comprehensive databases are necessary, such as for example ClinVar to look up the pathogenicity of specific genetic variants. The chapter will include a '''directory''' of major databases and external guidelines, and how to use them.
| | {{Oral and neck}} |
| * Proficiency in diagnosing '''equivocal or borderline cases''' where readily available sources and evidence usually deal with discrete and specific disease entities and subcategories thereof. Thus, in the question sections, many questions will be in the format of displaying readily available facts about diseases, including their typical immunohistochemistry patterns, but with equivocal or borderline case presentations.
| | {{Lungs and lymph nodes}} |
| * Having an idea of one’s '''unknowns'''; being aware of unfamiliar fields. For example, a pathologist generally does not need in depth knowledge about cases that are generally sent out to specialized centers (such as pediatric musculoskeletal oncology), as long as that pathologist is aware of lack of knowledge in that field.
| | {{Upper abdominal}} |
| | {{Other surgical pathology}} |
| | {{Clinical pathology - entire topic}} |
| | {{Last chapters}} |
| | =Notes= |
| | <references group=notes/> |
| | <references group=note/> |
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| [[File:What you need to memorize.jpg|350px|right]]
| | =References= |
| | <references/> |
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| * '''Dealing with Internet denialists and their exams.''' With the ease of access to pathology information on the Internet through smartphones and computers, those studying to for everyday practice as a pathologists '''should not''' spend time memorizing what can essentially always be conveniently and timely be looked up in times of need. The topics listed above are already immense enough to cover a lifetime of learning. Nevertheless, the path to pathology certification includes one or more exams, whose questions are largely made up of people who still do not acknowledge the access to the Internet in everyday pathology practice, and therefore this curriculum also includes this chapter.
| | ==Image sources== |
| | | <references group=image/> |
| ==Aim== | | <references group=images/> |
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| Other doctors and even laypersons can look up diseases and conditions themselves, including pathology characteristics, without the need for a pathologist consultation, so the '''expertise''' of memorizing such readily available information is expendable.
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| In a world where diseases and conditions can readily be looked up, a major skill that '''distinguishes''' a pathologist from any person with Internet access is
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| Also, '''unusual or equivocal presentation of very''' '''common''' diseases and conditions are still generally more common than rare diseases, and constitutes a major workload in everyday pathology practice. Most textbooks still give disproportionately large room for rare diseases compared to such presentations. However, strive to '''master the common''' conditions (including the most common pitfalls) before diving into the uncommon. Specialists and subspecialists may already have learned the common conditions, at least in their subspecialty, and they will often distract you from this pursuit by presenting rare conditions to you, because that is now interesting to them, but do not spend excessive time or mental effort on such rare conditions.
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| The goal of this curriculum is to make a pathology trainee able to properly handle at least 95% of cases that are expected at an average general pathology department.
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| PAGE UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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| '''FROZEN SECTION CHAPTER'''
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| '''Surprise frozen sections'''
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| While most frozen sections can be predicted from schedules of the operating room and thereby be looked up beforehand, this chapter deals with the most common ones that do not offer such preparation time, thus indicating memorization of how to handle them.
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| (Gather most common situations.)
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| '''Other frozen sections'''
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| Although these are generally given on schedules of the operating room, any pathologist may end up suddenly covering for another one, and subsequently be presented with the frozen section case without having had the time to look it up beforehand.
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| '''NON-EMERGENT PATHOLOGY'''
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| Also largely a directory of external guidelines and databases.
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| '''Non-emergent pathology questions'''
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| FINDING GUIDELINES
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| Which of the following situations does not have comprehensive guidelines available online?
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| INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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| Ask what are the main locations to look for infection in a specific autopsy case.
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| Provide algorithm of gram stain etc. and table of main bacteria by various locations.
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| '''Where to find information'''
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| INFORMATICS QUESTION
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| Provide genetic variant in long format.
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| - Which database is the best to use to look up the pathogenicity of this variant?
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| - ClinVar (correct)
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| - gnomAD (population frequencies)
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| - PolyPhen (likelihood of protein damaging)
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| - PharmGKP (associated treatments)
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| - In ClinVar, what would you enter
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| - A1708V (then BRCA1)
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| '''Dealing with Internet denialists and their exams'''
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| They take '''pride''' in for example memorizing the chromosome locations of even rare mutations, but when being called in for a frozen section of even relatively common specimens such as brain, lung or skin tissues, they may not know how to differentiate even the most common 90% of diagnoses.
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| An Internet denialist who has memorized something may '''assume''' that pathology trainees should memorize it as well, and entire lectures may largely consist of rants of such items. In reality, when something is encountered and looked up something enough times, it will generally get memorized. It is generally more efficient to let time tell which situations will be common versus uncommon, rather than trying to memorize knowledge for even uncommon situations.
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| Exam studying (as per Art of Procreation)
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| =Fixation=
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| {{Fixation - entire article}}
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| =Selection and trimming=
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| {{Selection and trimming - entire article}}
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| =Evaluation of tumors=
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| {{Evaluation of tumors - entire article}}
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| =Reporting=
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| {{Reporting - entire article}}
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| ==Notes==
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| <references group="notes"/> | |
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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