Liver: Difference between revisions
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Acute liver failure has multiple etiologies, and hence various presentations. Regardless of etiology, the initial hepatic insult that leads to acute liver failure is “hepatitis” in the broadest sense, with extensive hepatocyte injury and necrosis. The initiating process may damage the liver by zonal necrosis (with a centrilobular or acinar zones 3 necrosis indicating mainly acetaminophen hepatotoxicity), or it may damage the liver by a diffuse hepatitis with necrosis and inflammation as exemplified by acute viral hepatitis A, B, or E infections or other drug hepatotoxicities.<ref name="Lefkowitch2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lefkowitch|first1=Jay H.|title=The Pathology of Acute Liver Failure|journal=Advances In Anatomic Pathology|volume=23|issue=3|year=2016|pages=144–158|issn=1072-4109|doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000112}}</ref> | Acute liver failure has multiple etiologies, and hence various presentations. Regardless of etiology, the initial hepatic insult that leads to acute liver failure is “hepatitis” in the broadest sense, with extensive hepatocyte injury and necrosis. The initiating process may damage the liver by zonal necrosis (with a centrilobular or acinar zones 3 necrosis indicating mainly acetaminophen hepatotoxicity), or it may damage the liver by a diffuse hepatitis with necrosis and inflammation as exemplified by acute viral hepatitis A, B, or E infections or other drug hepatotoxicities.<ref name="Lefkowitch2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lefkowitch|first1=Jay H.|title=The Pathology of Acute Liver Failure|journal=Advances In Anatomic Pathology|volume=23|issue=3|year=2016|pages=144–158|issn=1072-4109|doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000112}}</ref> | ||
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File:Histopathology of acute hepatitis.jpg|Histopathology of acute hepatitis with lobular disarray and associated lymphocytic inflammation, acidophil acidophil body formation (arrow) and bilirubinostasis | File:Histopathology of acute hepatitis.jpg|Histopathology of acute hepatitis with lobular disarray and associated lymphocytic inflammation, acidophil acidophil body formation (arrow) and bilirubinostasis.<ref name="BoydCain2020"/> | ||
File:Histopathology of massive hepatic necrosis in hepatitis B.jpg|Massive hepatic necrosis: Liver cell dropout, residual hepatocytes and intact portal tract pattern.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Xue|first1=Ran|last2=Zhu|first2=Yueke|last3=Liu|first3=Hui|last4=Meng|first4=Qinghua|title=The clinical parameters for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure with sepsis|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9|issue=1|year=2019|issn=2045-2322|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-38866-3}}<br>-"This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"</ref> | File:Histopathology of massive hepatic necrosis in hepatitis B.jpg|Massive hepatic necrosis: Liver cell dropout, residual hepatocytes and intact portal tract pattern.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Xue|first1=Ran|last2=Zhu|first2=Yueke|last3=Liu|first3=Hui|last4=Meng|first4=Qinghua|title=The clinical parameters for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure with sepsis|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9|issue=1|year=2019|issn=2045-2322|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-38866-3}}<br>-"This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"</ref> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||