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===Acute liver failure=== | ===Acute liver failure=== | ||
Acute liver failure has multiple etiologies, and hence various presentations. Regardless of etiology, the initial hepatic insult that leads to acute liver failure is “hepatitis” in the broadest sense, with extensive hepatocyte injury and necrosis. The initiating process may damage the liver by zonal necrosis (with a centrilobular or acinar zones 3 necrosis being typical of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity), or it may damage the liver by a diffuse hepatitis with necrosis and inflammation as exemplified by acute viral hepatitis A, B, or E infections or other drug hepatotoxicities.<ref name="Lefkowitch2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lefkowitch|first1=Jay H.|title=The Pathology of Acute Liver Failure|journal=Advances In Anatomic Pathology|volume=23|issue=3|year=2016|pages=144–158|issn=1072-4109|doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000112}}</ref> | Acute liver failure has multiple etiologies, and hence various presentations. Regardless of etiology, the initial hepatic insult that leads to acute liver failure is “hepatitis” in the broadest sense, with extensive hepatocyte injury and necrosis. The initiating process may damage the liver by zonal necrosis (with a centrilobular or acinar zones 3 necrosis being typical of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity), or it may damage the liver by a diffuse hepatitis with necrosis and inflammation as exemplified by acute viral hepatitis A, B, or E infections or other drug hepatotoxicities.<ref name="Lefkowitch2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lefkowitch|first1=Jay H.|title=The Pathology of Acute Liver Failure|journal=Advances In Anatomic Pathology|volume=23|issue=3|year=2016|pages=144–158|issn=1072-4109|doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000112}}</ref> | ||
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File:Histopathology of acute hepatitis.jpg|Histopathology of acute hepatitis with lobular disarray and associated lymphocytic inflammation, acidophil body formation (arrow) and bilirubinostasis. | |||
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