Cirrhosis

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Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]
Cirrhosis of the liver:

Gross processing

Template:Gross processing of the liver

Gross examination

Cirrhosis is characterized by pale areas. Categorize into either of the following: (1) micronodular or diffuse, (2) macronodular, or (3) mixed:[1]

 
Diffuse areas of pallor.
  • Micronodular or diffuse cirrhosis (uniform nodules less than 3 mm in diameter).[notes 1]
  • Macronodular cirrhosis (irregular nodules with a variation greater than 3 mm in diameter): Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and primary biliary cholangitis.
  •  
    Pale macronodules of cirrhosis
  • Mixed cirrhosis (when features of both micronodular and macronodular cirrhosis are present): Usually micronodular cirrhosis progresses into macronodular cirrhosis over time.

Microscopic evaluation

 
Trichrome stain, showing cirrhosis as a nodular texture surrounded by fibrosis (wherein collagen is stained blue).

Components:[1]

  • Diagnosing cirrhosis. The diagnosis of cirrhosis by biopsy requires the presence of fibrosis and nodules.
  • Assessing the degree of inflammation (grade) and fibrosis (stage) of the disease.

Notes

  1. ↑ Micronodular or diffuse cirrhosis can be due to alcohol, hemochromatosis, hepatic venous outflow obstruction, chronic biliary obstruction, jejunoileal bypass, and Indian childhood cirrhosis.
  1. ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bashar Sharma; Savio John.. Hepatic Cirrhosis. StatPearls at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Last Update: June 3, 2019.

Image sources


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